Efectos sobre el neurodesarrollo asociados a un ambiente de riesgo de exposición a pesticidas
Abstract
Resumen
El neurodesarrollo implica un proceso de maduración de estructuras cerebrales y funciones cognitivas, dicho proceso puede verse alterado por factores externos como la exposición a pesticidas, presentándose de forma directa o indirecta. Resulta relevante conocer el estado del neurodesarrollo en niños preescolares en ambientes de riesgo por la exposición a pesticidas. Se evaluaron a 40 niños de edad preescolar del municipio de San MartÃn de Hidalgo, Jalisco, utilizando la prueba Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil (EDI), se obtuvo un Ãndice de riesgo de exposición mediante dos cuestionarios para conocer hábitos de exposición a pesticidas en ambientes laborales y domésticos. Los resultados del cuestionario fueron apropiados para clasificar a quienes presentaban un menor o mayor ambiente de riesgo, de acuerdo con esta clasificación se observaron diferencias en las escalas de motricidad fina y de evaluación social, se muestra que el nivel de riesgo se asocia con los resultados globales de la prueba EDI. Se concluye la existencia de efectos sobre el neurodesarrollo asociados al ambiente de exposición a pesticidas.
Palabras clave: reporte de investigación; neurodesarrollo; pesticidas; riesgo de exposición; EDI.
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Abstract
The Neurodevelopment implies a process of the maturation of the brain structures and cognitive functions; such process could be altered by external factors such as the exposure to pesticides, which could happen in a direct or indirect way. It Results relevant to know the neurodevelopmental state of preschool children according to their environmental risk of exposure to pesticides. 40 preschool children from San MartÃn de Hidalgo, Jalisco were evaluated using the test “Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil†(EDI), at the same time, their parents answered a questionnaire regarding their pesticide exposure habits in working and home environments, through which an index of risk exposure was obtained.   The results of the questionnaire were used to classify the children in two groups: major and minor exposure to risky environments. According to this classification, we identified differences in both fine motor skills and social evaluation scales, similarly, the risk level was associated with the EDI’s global results. We can conclude that according with our data, there exists neurodevelopmental effects that can be linked to the risky environmental exposure to pesticides.
Keywords: Investigation report; neurodevelopment; pesticides; risk exposure; EDI.
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