O ENVELHECIMENTO, A DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER E AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO PROGRAMA DE ENRIQUECIMENTO INSTRUMENTAL (PEI). THE AGING, THE ALZHEIMER ÌS DISEASE AND THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE INSTRUMENTAL ENRICHMENT PROGRAMS.
Abstract
Resumo
Este artigo se propõe a apresentar o envelhecimento como um processo individualizado com potencialidades únicas e distintas, fazendose distinção entre a velhice normal e a patológica. Enfatizase que o envelhecimento bem sucedido depende em grande parte da prevenção de doenças, adequado condicionamento fÃsico e preservação das funções cognitivas. No entanto, estudos epidemiológicos mostram que idosos com leves alterações cognitivas apresentam um maior risco de desenvolver a Doença de Alzheimer (DA), considerada o diagnóstico mais freqüente entre as demên- cias. Considerando-se que essa condição afeta o cérebro, acarretando per- da da memória e o comprometimento em várias áreas cognitivas (lingua- gem, função executiva, praxia, gnosia etc.), vêm sendo propostas allternativas de tratamento além da terapêutica farmacológica caracterizando a reabilitação neuropsicológica. Nesse trabalho, em especial, procurou-se abordar as possibillidades do uso do Programa de Enriquecimento Instrumental (PEI) e da Experiência da Aprendizagem Mediada (EAM) nos programas de reabilitação cognitiva direcionados à DA, visando favorecer a otimização das capacidades residuais e diminuir o impacto negativo na qualidade de vida dessas pessoas.
Palavras chave: Doença de Alzheimer. Envelhecimento. Demência. Funções cognitivas. Modificabilidade Cognitiva. Reabilitação.
Abstract
This article suggests that the aging process has unique and distinct features. A distinction is made between normal and pathological aging. Actually we are concerned that a successful aging is in close relationship with the prevention of diseases, and maintenance of physical and cognitive activities. Epidemiological studies show that elderly people with mild cognitive deficts are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. This disease affects brain function, primarily memory, and also speech, executive functions, praxias and gnosias. Besides the current pharmacological approach, alternative therapies, like neuropsychological rehabilitation, are in current use and contributes in a great amount to the improvement of cognitive and behavioral functions. In this article we gave special attention using PEI and EAM, in neuropsychological rehabilitation programs directed to Alzheimer`s disease, focusing the improvement of residual functions and aiming the reduction of the impact that this disease brings to the quality of life.
Keywords: Alzheimer disease. Aging. Dementia. Cognitive functions. Modificabilidad.
Rehabilitation.
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