PREJUÃZOS COGNITIVOS EM IDOSOS COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2. COGNITIVE LOSS IN THE ELDERLY WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Abstract
Resumo
O avanço das condições de saúde vem propiciando o aumento progressivo da longevidade e da expectativa de vida. Estudos identificam a existência de uma conexão entre Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e demência. A hiperglicemia pode ser um fator significativo para incidência de Alzheimer e uma causa secundária de demência. A Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2) está associada a déficits cognitivos e funcionais, e um dos instrumentos que pode ser utilizado para avaliar funções executivas é o WCST. O objetivo foi avaliar os prejuÃzos cognitivos em idosos com DM2. Participaram do estudo 254 idosos de ambos os sexos, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, sendo 44 idosos com diagnóstico de DM2 e 210 idosos do grupo controle da população geral. O delineamento foi de um estudo quantitativo e transversal. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Ficha de Dados Sociodemográficos, WCST, MEEM, BDI, BAI e GDS. Os subtestes Vocabulário, Códigos, DÃgitos e Cubos da WAIS-III. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença significativa no desempenho de idosos com DM2, quando comparados com os idosos do grupo controle em quatro descritores do WCST, indicando prejuÃzos. Os idosos com DM2 mostraram intensidade de sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade estatisticamente maior em relação ao grupo controle.
Palavras-chave: Diabetes Tipo 2, idosos, Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas (WCST), flexibilidade cognitiva, prejuÃzos cognitivos, funções executivas.
Abstract
The advance of health conditions is propitiating the progressive increase of longevity and life expectancy. Studies have identified the existence of a connection between Diabetes Mellitus and (DM) and dementia. The hyperglycemia can be a significant factor for the incidence of Alzheimer, which could be a secondary cause for dementia. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is associated to cognitive and functional deficits and, one of the tools, which can be used to assess executive functions, is the WCST. The objetive was the assessment of the cognitive prejudice in older people with DM2 through the WCST. Two hundred and fifty four (254) old people of both genders, with 60 years of age or older, divided into 44 persons with a DM2 diagnosis and 210 old people of the control group from the general population. The design was that of a quantitative and transversal study. The instruments used were: sociodemographic filing cards, WCST, MMSE, BDI, BAI, GDS. The Vocabulary, Coding, Digit Span, Block Design and WAIS – III sub-tests. The results showed there were a significant difference in the performance of old people with DM2, when compared to old people of the control group in four describers of the WCST, cognitive prejudice. The old people with DM2 showed intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms of statistically larger regarding the group control.
Key - words: Type 2 Diabetes, old people, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), cognitive flexibility, cognitive injury, executive functions.
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