Afectaciones cognitivo-lingüÃsticas en personas con COVID-19: una revisión sistemática de la literatura empÃrica
Abstract
Resumen:
Desde el inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 se comenzó a alertar sobre la presencia de un posible patrón de deterioro cognitivo general y de las funciones ejecutivas en particular, entre los que la han padecido. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los estudios empÃricos sobre las afectaciones de la COVID-19 en la cognición y el lenguaje. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura electrónica en Google Scholar, PubMed y SicenceDirect, de acuerdo con las directrices de PRISMA. Se recopilaron 35 estudios entre estudios de caso, estudios de cohorte e investigaciones de corte experimental. Se encontró que, no hay un funcionamiento de funcionamiento neuropsicológico claro en los afectados por COVID-19 y se refuerza la idea de una afectación predominante sobre el funcionamiento ejecutivo, la atención, la memoria y la fluidez léxica, a lo que se agrega cierta afectación de otros elementos del lenguaje. Se recomienda seguir investigando la presencia de secuelas neuropsicológicas por COVID-19 a largo plazo y ampliando las poblaciones objetivo a asintomáticos, sintomáticos no hospitalizados y pacientes con COVID-19 persistente.
Palabras clave: COVID-19; cognición; lenguaje; funcionamiento ejecutivo; revisión sistemática.
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Abstract:
As of the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, warnings began to be made about the presence of a possible pattern of general cognitive impairment and executive functions among those who have suffered it. The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic integration of empirical studies on this relationship. A systematic review of the electronic literature was carried out in Google Scholar, PubMed and SicenceDirect, according to the PRISMA guidelines. 35 studies were collected between case studies, cohort studies and experimental investigations. It was found that, there is no clear neuropsychological functioning pattern in those affected by COVID-19, the idea of a predominant affectation on executive functioning, attention, memory, lexical fluency is reinforced, to which is added certain affectation of other elements of language. It is recommended to continue investigating the presence of long-term neuropsychological sequelae from COVID-19 and expanding the target populations to asymptomatic, symptomatic outpatients, and patients with persistent COVID-19.
Palabras llave : COVID-19; cognición; idioma; Función ejecutiva; revisión sistemática.
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