Estrato socioeconómico y funcionamiento ejecutivo: su relación con las competencias académicas en edad escolar

Authors

  • Elisa Azar
  • Vanessa Arán Filippetti
  • Jael Vargas Rubilar

Abstract

Resumen

Las competencias escolares de los niños dependen de una multiplicidad de factores (por ejemplo, contextuales, familiares y personales). El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre el estrato socioeconómico (ESE), las funciones ejecutivas (FE) valoradas desde la perspectiva de los padres y las competencias lectoras y matemáticas en niños. Se trabajó con 131 niños escolarizados y sus respectivos padres, pertenecientes a estratos sociales medios y vulnerables. Los resultados mostraron que el ESE influye en las FE y las competencias escolares del niño. Además, se halló una asociación entre las FE y las competencias académicas. Los análisis de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) indican que solo la memoria de trabajo (MT) predice las competencias académicas. Además, se halló un efecto directo del ESE sobre las competencias matemáticas y efectos indirectos a través de la MT. Sin embargo, la asociación entre el ESE y las competencias lectoras se explicaría totalmente a través de la MT.

Palabras clave: estrato socioeconómico; competencias académicas; funciones ejecutivas; niños.

 

Abstract

The children's academic skills depend on several factors (e.g., contextual, family, and personal factors). The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), Executive Functions (EF) assessed from the parent's perspective, and reading and mathematical skills in children. We worked with 131 children who attend school and their parents, who belong to medium and low-SES. The results showed that SES has an influence on EF and academic skills. Moreover, an association between EF and academic skills was found. The analyses of the structural equation modelling (SEM) indicate that only working memory (WM) predicts academic skills. Furthermore, it was found that SES has direct effects on mathematical skills and indirect effects on these abilities through WM. Nonetheless, the association between SES and reading skills would be totally explained through WM.

Keywords: socioeconomic status; academic competences; executive functions; children.

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How to Cite

Azar, E., Filippetti, V. A., & Rubilar, J. V. (2019). Estrato socioeconómico y funcionamiento ejecutivo: su relación con las competencias académicas en edad escolar. Panamerican Journal of Psychology, 13(3). Retrieved from https://www.cnps.cl/index.php/cnps/article/view/386

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 3 (2019): CNPs

Section

Original Papers

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