Rehabilitación Neuropsicológica en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico. Ejemplo de un plan de Rehabilitación Neuropsicológica
Abstract
ResumenÂ
Los traumatismos craneoencefálicos, constituyen un importante problema de salud ya que son la causa más común de incapacidad neurológica acompañada de una larga esperanza de vida. Los cambios que se producen a nivel fÃsico y motor suelen ser los más evidentes y tienden a tener una buena recuperación, pero los trastornos neuropsicológicos, conductuales y emocionales son muy frecuentes, y afectan tanto al sujeto, a su familia y entorno social, lo cual dificulta su integración social y laboral y su calidad de vida, asà como también de beneficiarse de un programa de rehabilitación. Por ello la rehabilitación de personas con daño cerebral ha adquirido mayor relevancia en las últimas cuatro décadas, debido principalmente a un incremento en la supervivencia luego de un traumatismo de cráneo, como resultado de un mayor conocimiento y tratamiento en los servicios de urgencia y hospitalarios. Se presentan los componentes, algunos principios a tener en cuenta al realizar un plan de Rehabilitación Neuropsicológica, sus etapas y un ejemplo de un plan de Rehabilitación Neuropsicológica.
Palabras claves: Lesión Cerebral Adquirida; Neuroplasticidad; NeuropsicologÃa; Plan de Rehabilitación Neuropsicológica; Rehabilitación Neuropsicológica; Traumatismo Craneoencefálico
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Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury are an important health problem because they are the most common cause of neurological disability accompanied by a long life expectancy. The changes that occur physically and motor are usually the most obvious and tend to have a good recovery, but neuropsychological, behavioral and emotional disorders are very frequent, and affect both the subject, his family and social environment, which it hinders his social and labor integration and their quality of life, as well as to benefit from a rehabilitation program. Therefore, the rehabilitation of people with brain damage has become more relevant in the last four decades, mainly due to an increase in survival after a head injury, as a result of greater knowledge and treatment in emergency and hospital services. The components and some principles to take into account when making a Neuropsychological Rehabilitation plan are presented, its stages and a goal planning example of a Neuropsychological Rehabilitation.
Keywords: Acquired Brain Injury; Goal Planning Neuropsychological Rehabilitation; Neuropsychological Rehabilitation; Traumatic Brain Injury; Neuropsychology; Neuroplasticity
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