SÃndrome disejecutivo en pacientes con lesiones cerebrales no frontales. Evidencias empÃricas obtenidas con la aplicación del WCST. / Disexecutive syndrome in patient with non frontals cerebral injures.
Abstract
RESUMENÂ
En la presente investigación el objetivo fue evaluar el impacto que tienen las lesiones tumorales no frontales sobre las funciones ejecutivas. Se analizó el rendimiento en el test de WCST de un grupo experimental de pacientes con tumores cerebrales no frontales (n=30), y se comparó con dos grupos controles. El grupo control (1), conformado por pacientes con lesiones tumorales frontales (n=15), y el grupo control (2), por sujetos normales (n=40). Ambos grupos clÃnicos pertenecieron al servicio de NeurocirugÃa del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras. Se diagnosticó el sÃndrome disejecutivo en el 67% de los sujetos con lesiones tumorales no frontales y no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos de pacientes clÃnicos. Los análisis estadÃsticos, sugieren que las funciones ejecutivas no son un sistema unitario y modular, sino más bien de procesamiento múltiple. Se recomienda no emplear el WCST en la práctica neuropsicológica como una prueba exclusiva para el diagnóstico de lesión cerebral frontal, sino más bien como un instrumento de evaluación de las funciones ejecutivas.Â
Palabras Claves: Funciones ejecutivas (FE); sÃndrome disejecutivo; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); neuropsicologÃa, lesión cerebral; investigación empÃrica.
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ABSTRACT
In this research the objective was to evaluate the impact that the non-frontal tumoral damage have on the executive functions. For that purpose, it was analyzed the outcome in the WCST of this experimental group non-frontals N=30), and it was compared with two control groups. The control group (1), comprising with patients with frontal tumoral damage (N = 15), and the control group (2), of normal individuals, (N = 40). Both clinical groups belonged to the Neurosurgery Service of Ameijeiras Hospital. With the application of the test, the disexecutive syndrome was diagnosed in 67 % of the individuals with non-frontal tumoral damage and not significant differences between both groups of clinical patients were not found, according to the WCST evaluation. The statistical analyses suggest that the executive functions are not a unitarian and modular system, but rather a multiple processing. The employment of the WCST is recommended in the neuropsychological practice as an exclusive test for the diagnosis of frontal brain lesion, but rather as a means for the evaluation of the executive functions.
Keywords: Executive functions (FE); Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); disexecutive syndrome; neuropsychology; cerebral damage; empirical research.
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RESUMOÂ
Na presente investigação, o objetivo foi avaliar o impacto que tem lesões tumorais não frontais sobre as funções executivas. Com esse propósito analisou-se o rendimento no test WCST de um grupo experimental de paciente4s com tumores cerebrais não frontais (n=30), e comparou-se com dois grupos controles. O grupo controle (1), formado por pacientes com lesões tumorais frontais (n=15), e o grupo controle (2), por sujeitos normais (n=40). Ambos os grupos clÃnicos pertenciam ao serviço de Neurocirugia do Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras. Com a avaliação da prova, se diagnosticou a sÃndrome dysexecutive em 67% dos sujeitos com lesões tumorais não frontais e não se encontraram diferenças significativas entre ambos grupos de pacientes clÃnicos. As análises estatÃsticas, sugerem que as funções executivas não são um sistema unitário modular, mas sim de processamento múltiplo. Se recomenda não empregar o WCST nas práticas neuropsicológicas como uma prova exclusiva para o diagnóstico de lesão cerebral frontal, e sim como um instrumento de avaliação das funções executivas.
Palavras-Chaves: Funções executivas (FE), sÃndrome dysexecutive, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Sistema nervoso central (SNC), tumores cerebrais, lesão cerebral, investigação empÃrica.Downloads
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